John Gilmore's Greatest Sax Solos (Part 2: The List)

(If you missed it, please see Part 1 for the Introduction!)

Here, then, is my list of 61 of John Gilmore's all-time greatest solos. My criteria? Simply that the solo blows me away. I'm easily swayed by melodic beauty and rhythmic dexterity, but I am also swayed by technical wizardry when it's in service of the piece, and the timbre of multi-phonic industrial street sweepers in outer space thrills me, too--Gilmore satisfies it all.

I have stuck only to Gilmore's playing with Sun Ra. As I said in Part 1, I believe his best playing was with Ra, no doubt about it, as satisfying as his relatively brief tenures with others can be. Any list of his playing outside the Arkestra only serves to dilute the main body of his work, falsely setting it up as equal to his work with Ra, which it most assuredly is not.  Maybe someday I'll put together a list of my favorite non-Ra Gilmore solos (I'm partial to his work with Andrew Hill)--or maybe you will (if you do, let me know)--but this list is devoted to Ra, and there's plenty to choose from.

Gilmore was always Ra's prime featured soloist.  You could make a case for Pat Patrick getting there first and earliest--he began taking it out earlier than Gilmore, I believe--but once Gilmore caught fire there was no putting him out. And why would you want to? Almost every version of "The Shadow World," one of Ra's most-played compositions, contains an incendiary, life-altering, mind-blowing solo from Gilmore. Featured night after night, Gilmore never fails to satisfy. That being said, some solos speak more to me than others. I figured I might as well get the absolute greatest over first--"Dancing Shadows," from Nothing Is...-- but after that, the list is chronological.

I am leaning heavily on my forebears here, particularly Robert L. Campbell, co-author with Chris Trent of the definitive Ra discography Earthly Recordings of Sun Ra (2nd ed.). After Gilmore died in 1995, Campbell put out a detailed list, on the Sun Ra Saturn listserv, of significant Gilmore solos charting his development. It's damn good--you can find it in the Comments section here. Of course there's duplication, but the difference is that his list is trying to demonstrate Gilmore's growth and development over his whole career, while I am more interested in getting down on paper (so to speak) my all-time favorites. So there's overlap, but also lots of differences. Another point: a lot of Sun Ra music has been released since 1995, and that invariably includes some incredible Gilmore solos unavailable to Campbell at the time he created his list (I'm thinking particularly of the 1966 "Space Aura" from the Art Yard release of the same name).

I also owe a huge debt to Rodger Coleman and his Sun Ra Sunday essays. Rodger's writing, working his way through Ra's oeuvre from 1962 to 1978, is truly inspiring and has certainly helped clarify my thinking on much of this music.

Finally, please don't be disappointed to see that there are no links here to the actual music. Many of these solos can be found at the Sun Ra Bandcamp page, expertly curated by Irwin Chusid. Links to YouTube or Spotify are notoriously fickle. You all can use Google as well as I can. Happy hunting!

John Gilmore's Greatest Sax Solos: The Top 61

1. Dancing Shadows (1966-05-18) Nothing Is...

Let's just get the suspense over with and declare this the greatest Gilmore solo ever. This solo has just about everything I love about his playing in it: his angular phrasing, his muscular tone, his utter command of super-fast runs and high-register pyrotechnics, his sense of drama and pacing (what an entrance!), his devastating swing. The pace of this live version is a bit slower than the rocket ship speed of the original version (from When Sun Comes Out), but that's not a liability--at all. Gilmore inhabits this space as if he were born to it, and with the propulsion of Clifford Jarvis behind him, he soars. In his excellent piece on Gilmore from the much-missed blog Destination: Out, Oliver Trager said:

 What is it about Gilmore's sound that is so gripping? It swings and yet it is so out -- simultaneously tormented and lovely, dusky and bright, experienced and naive, grounded and airborne, primitive and modern -- an angel/demon glad to be unhappy.

Don't know about the "unhappy" part--this solo sounds pretty damn joyous to me--but it's a great question regardless. After working my way through massive amounts of his playing to compile this list, I still don't have the answer, not really, as much as I have tried to dissect and analyze his power.

2. Possession (1956-07-12) Jazz by Sun Ra [Sun Song]

This splendidly arranged ballad is a feature for Gilmore at his most huskily lyrical as he solos over an interesting bed of Ellingtonian chord changes.

3. Plutonian Nights (1958 or 1959) Lady with the Golden Stockings (The Nubians of Plutonia)

One of Ra's most misterioso compositions, with a mood that not's foreboding but compelling, "Plutonian Nights" features a Gilmore solo that reinforces that mystery. Similar to his solo on "Discipline 99" in its simplicity and limited range, this one is a perfect example of how much he could say within a constricted palette.

4. Space Aura (1959) Rocket Number Nine Take Off for the Planet Venus (Interstellar Low-Ways)

This early studio version has the same swinging feel as "Rocket No. 9" from the same album. Ra retained this approach for this composition throughout the sixties (although not always as fast as this version). Gilmore is in tight from the get-go, his driving solo strongly related thematically to what he'd do live at the Wonder-Inn the next year. He's in fine form, singing and swinging, with some nice long tones accentuating his melodic treatment.  

5. Rocket No. 9 Take Off for the Planet Venus (1960-06-14) Rocket Number Nine Take Off for the Planet Venus (Interstellar Low-Ways)

The first appearance of this Ra chestnut is radically different from its subsequent appearances as a single and as a Blue Thumb album track. Here, the song is a hard-driving post-bop barn burner, and Gilmore's solo fits right in that context, although he takes it to a different plane than most other saxophonists were doing at that time. It's often cited as one of Gilmore's prime solos. His lines cascade and ripple over a hard-swinging vamp from Ra's piano. He's beginning to break up the rhythm into more jagged lines while still emulating the sheets of sound associated with Coltrane.

6. Space Aura (1960) Music from Tomorrow's World

Played live at the Wonder-Inn in Chicago before an enthusiastic crowd, this version of "Space Aura" clips along at a brisk pace, and when Gilmore rips into his solo, you can hear the fabric of space straining to be ripped open. You can also hear a bit of what inspired Coltrane so much in Gilmore's playing in 1961, as Gilmore rides on simple two-note patterns and expands to cover the whole range of the horn, jumping octaves and generally whipping the whole scene into a frenzy, all in a short hot minute or so.

7. Search Light Blues (1961-11 or -12) Bad and Beautiful

The title is evocative of a lone beacon in the night, casting its beam through an otherwise dark and empty universe. Gilmore's solo is like that beam, reaching out as a ray of light for others to follow. Ra's lushly laid chords provide just the right backing for this lonely, yearning excursion into a noir landscape of a single searchlight beckoning in the dark. Gilmore has gone on record as saying this is his favorite tune from the first batch of Evidence reissues. David Block quotes him as saying that "it is often difficult for him to express himself and 'Search Light Blues' was a rare time when he was able to do so" (David Block, "John Gilmore," Jazz Journal International, 1994). He certainly does express himself here--his tone is at its burnished, yearning best and his melodic and rhythmic ideas cohere to construct a masterful statement. If this doesn't move you, nothing will and I can't help you.

8. Kosmos in Blue (1961-11 or -12) Art Forms of Dimensions Tomorrow

This Choreographers Workshop recording is an excellent example of Gilmore's command of the swing vocabulary, as colored as it is by his very personal timbre and attack. He starts off with short disconnected phrases that cohere into a massive statement of swing. The solo is actually split in two, separated by a bass solo, a second piano solo, and a short drum break. I love the phrases Gilmore comes up with when he comes back in, as he outlines what amounts to a late thematic statement.

9. Lights on a Satellite (1961-1962) Art Forms of Dimensions Tomorrow

The recording of this piece, with its mysterious quality and its incredible piano solo, epitomizes the ambient Choreographers Workshop atmosphere of otherworldly space. Gilmore's solo sharpens the yearning atmosphere of the composition, fading into eternity.

10. Dark Clouds with Silver Linings (1962) Out There a Minute  

A beautiful Choreographers Workshop piece, with the main melody line stated by Gilmore, the sax solo is a beautiful encapsulation of his yearning Chicago sound. Broken in half by an inspired piano solo, Gilmore's playing returns inspired in turn and with some of his most beautiful playing ever.

11. What's New? (1962) What's New? [Sub Underground Series II]

Here's a classic example of Gilmore's "early" style: straight-ahead hard-bop swinging with nary a hint of the future to come. His phrasing is logical and succinct, and it's easy to hear the appeal he must have had for Ra.

12. Wanderlust (1962) What's New?[Sub Underground Series II]

On this beautifully arranged waltz, Gilmore's voice is yearningly searching outward as he unfolds line after keening line, even as the solo is over before you know it.

13. Autumn in New York (1962) What's New?[Sub Underground Series II]

A deeply beautiful rendering of this standard, set up by a gorgeous Ra piano solo. Gilmore's smokey, evocative tone is in full force here, crooning the late-night Chicago wind (despite the subject of the song's title) like no other. Rodger Coleman does this solo justice:

The Arkestra drops down to a quartet on the hoary old chestnut, “Autumn in New York.” But don’t be fooled! After a lushly romantic opening piano statement, Gilmore plays one of the most breathtakingly heart-rending solos of his long, brilliant career! He starts out by teasing the melancholy melody with spacious, wide-open phrasing, slowly building to register-spanning exclamations, delicate filigrees, and pathos-filled one and two-note worryings. Every note is just exactly the right note at the right place and at the right time. As if awestruck by the sheer beauty of Gilmore’s playing, the band drops out during the second chorus, leaving him to blow an acappella cadenza that miraculously holds the thread of the tune while overflowing with prodigious, risky invention. Suddenly, Ra enters with an (almost) incongruous double-tempo section that slows down just in time for Gilmore to re-state the theme with the kind of stately grace and tender emotion that marked his opening choruses. This track demonstrates that, despite his (well-deserved) reputation as an altissimo-fueled avant-garde noisemaker, John Gilmore was truly one of the great post-bop saxophonists of all time. This version of an over-familiar standard has to be heard to be believed. Incredible!

14. The Idea of It All (1963) When Angels Speak of Love

Another convoluted, accelerated post-hard-bop theme played insanely fast by Gilmore and Walter Miller, backed by the power rhythm section of Ra, Ronnie Boykins, and Clifford Jarvis. "The Idea of It All" is very similar to the quintet version of "Dancing Shadows." Gilmore's solo matches the pace, and he really lays in for mighty runs and swoops up and down the range of the sax.

15. Sketch (1964) Other Planes of There

This attractive, convoluted hard bop melody was only played twice as far as the recorded evidence goes (so far): buried in the middle of the 1971 London concert, and this 1964 Choreographers Workshop track. "Sketch" is most notable for its absolutely killer Gilmore solo, which runs circles around the melody at ever-faster speeds as he launches off into the cosmos. Dan Plonsey says that this solo

includes three features which are often present in his inside/outside solos: (1) phrase fragments which outline minor seventh chords (2) use of very rapid blurs of repeated notes (3) continuous development, or variation/development, by which I mean he plays a short phrase (3-6 notes), plays it again but with minor changes: a note is added, another one or two dropped. (Dan Plonsey, "Other Planes of There," http://astron.berkeley.edu/plonsey/sunra/OP.html)

16. Worlds Approaching (1965) Strange Strings

For some reason this track gets neglected in reviews of this album, I guess because of the unique "strangeness" of the strings tracks that make up the majority of the LP. That's too bad, since "Worlds Approaching" is a masterwork that wouldn't have appeared out of place on one of the Heliocentric albums. After a keening oboe journey from Marshall Allen and a percussion sequence that solidifies the tympani-driven, ominous mood, Gilmore makes a magnificent entrance with fast, slightly angular patterns and dramatic pacing, with the tension exaggerated at the end by Tommy Hunter's reverb effect, used in striking fashion to take the solo into true outer space. Note: the iTunes/Bandcamp stereo version does not include this effect; it only appears on the original mono version.

17. Sun Ra and His Band from Outer Space (1966-05-18) Nothing Is...

Based on the number of solos in this list coming from the 1966 New York tour, you could say that 1966 was a peak year for Gilmore--and you'd be right. Maybe after his foray with Art Blakey in 1965 and his subsequent return to the fold, he was more than ready to make glorious comprehensive saxophone statements right and left, cementing his place in jazz history as one of the foremost practitioners of the tenor sax. He tears into his solo here with typical force and majesty, breaking up into fragmented statements and phrases as the rest of the band drops out, gliding into the high register as Ra joins him on piano. Simply fantastic.

18. Velvet (1966-05) College Tour Volume One: The Complete Nothing Is... (disc 1, track 7)

This Ra post-bop standard is played much faster than the original version from Jazz in Silhouette. After a trombone solo and a short compelling baritone sax solo from Pat Patrick, Gilmore jumps right in, ripping into his solo with frenzied abandon, reinforcing my notion that something must have been in the water for this tour. He's all over the place and yet intensely focused: super-fast runs all over the horn, jagged rhythmic variations, sheets of sound with holes in them. For a little while the whole rhythm section drops out except for slight accompaniment from Clifford Jarvis on drums--they're all probably in awe there on the bandstand.

19. The Satellites Are Spinning (1966-05) College Tour Volume One: The Complete Nothing Is... (disc 2, track 1)

There aren't too many examples, I think, of Gilmore soloing in this composition as extensively as he does here. His short solo starts off boldly, then moves to more complex statements as Ra stays with him on one chord with subtle variations, in an aural equivalent of satellites spinning in place--and in space.

20. Space Aura (1966-05) Space Aura

Like "The Shadow World" and "Images," "Space Aura" is one of those Ra compositions that seemed perfectly suited to Gilmore's athletic saxophone prowess, and it always elicits a powerful statement from him. Here's a brilliant killer-diller of a solo, another in the long line of masterpieces from the 1966 tour. Beautiful, blindingly fast runs, a languorous but solid tone, angular, unusually articulated rhythms--it's all here in spades. Gilmore is really tapping into the shadow world here, sending back cosmic messages of otherworldly ecstasy.

21. Saturn (1966) Pictures of Infinity

In this live version from sometime in 1966, you can hear the band get loose with the arrangement; there's a bit of added syncopation in the head that's quite attractive, and the ensemble lines are more ragged than on earlier versions. Anchored and punctuated by Clifford Jarvis's irrepressible bass drum accents, Gilmore delivers a sinuous, flowing solo heavily steeped in Coltrane territory.

22. The Perfect Man (1969-11-12) The Singles

An irresistible groove, a quirky hula-hoop twist-in-outer-space melody, and wacky Moog lines make a perfect setting for Gilmore to deliver a sinuously funky solo, one of his finest.

23. Space Aura (1969 or 1970) Slug's, NYC

It's interesting to compare Gilmore's approach to his solo here to the version listed above from three or so years back, in 1966. Each is stunning in its own right. Here, it starts out as pretty much hard-bop swinging, with Gilmore's particular angular phrasing and solid tone, with short fast runs interspersed with longer, almost funky lines. But that doesn't even begin to convey the absolute gorgeousness of his playing--he just swings hard and doesn't stop. Similar to Coltrane, there's a lot of self-call and response stuff going on here as he repeats phrasing and shifts it as he goes. As the solo continues, the lines get faster, and he moves into the high register for more stratospheric lines that you can hear piercing through space and swooping back to earth with low gutbucket landings.

24. Pleasant Twilight (1970-07) Live At The Red Garter

According to Earthly Recordings, this is the only extant live recording of this cooker of a composition, which otherwise only appears on My Brother the Wind, Vol. 2. In that version, Gilmore's solo during the slowed-down rendition of the head is almost tentative. Here, though, no sense of hesitation is present as Gilmore delivers a masterpiece of a solo. It's a perfect statement of emotion and passion packed into succinct, elegant phrasing ranging over the entire range of the horn.

25. The Shadow World (1970- 08-05) Nuits del Fondation Maeght Vol. 1

"The Shadow World" is a signature tune of Ra's, played almost as frequently as "Space Is the Place" and "Love in Outer Space." And on almost every version I've heard, there's room for a killer Gilmore outing, sometimes as an unaccompanied feature, sometimes over the beguiling 7/8 rhythm. Here, it's both, and he comes in wailing in the high register, beefing it up with low-end honks while generally hovering at the top: high, high energy which gets even higher as the band drops out for an extended a capella ride. This pattern would pretty much repeat through most versions, but would never get stale.

26. Another Shade of Blue (1971-08-17) Universe in Blue

Ra's jump-blues organ kicks off this extraordinary live jam that would not have been out of place on the organ-driven side of My Brother the Wind, Vol. 2. Gilmore solos throughout the entire eleven-minute piece (making it one of his longer recorded solos), starting off with bluesy muscular riffing accompanied by Ra's funky organ comping. It's a groove. Gilmore swings relentlessly and effortlessly, a master of his craft. About halfway through he starts sneaking in forays to the stratosphere--a hint of things to come. The horns begin riffing behind him as he continues to blow and, amazingly, knuckle down on the groove. As the solo's intensity increases, around the 9:50 mark he departs for the high register and doesn't let up for the duration. As the piece fades, Gilmore's solo fades with it, wailing into the eternity of the sweat-drenched night.

27. Intergalactic Universe (1971-08-17) Slug's, NYC

This composition, usually appearing under the title "Intergalactic Research," is not to be confused with the composition of that name that is on Continuation. "Intergalactic Universe" was referred to with this name by Ra in a rehearsal from Oakland in 1971. It is a mysterious piece in that it never appeared on any of the "official" recordings released during his lifetime. There are five recorded appearances, luckily, one of them the aforementioned rehearsal run-through, the others from live performances around 1971 or '72, after which it disappears from the repertoire. A shame, that, because it's a strong soul-jazz piece with most versions featuring an extended Gilmore solo. They are all worth seeking out, but this one, from the same session at Slug's that resulted in Universe in Blue, is primo. Guided by Ra's organ comping with the head beautifully executed by Gilmore, Gilmore then proceeds to play gorgeous variations, sounding simply fabulous, starting off with the long tones of the melody and building from there. The solo ranges all over the place, with extended bouts of dazzling high-register polytechnics. It's also another super-long solo, going on for a glorious nine minutes before repeating the head, followed by another couple of minutes of blowing and a solo climax after the band drops out. Sheer bliss, this one!

28. The Shadow World (1971-11-11) Delft

Another powerful version of this key composition. After the energetic head, Ra throws down the gauntlet with a keyboard solo, taken up first by a short burst of fire energy from Marshall Allen, and then (with baritone sax holding down the bass line) by Gilmore launching into a no-holds-barred outpouring of high-intensity upper-register energy. As the baritone sax drops out, Gilmore continues with his full-on assault. Devastatingly beautiful.

29. Discipline 99 (1972-05-07) Astro Black

A perfectly constructed solo, again showing Gilmore's lyrical side. No fast runs or high-register playing here--instead, he build a perfect solo out of a limited note choice and range, using long tones with soul and feeling. Simple but beautifully presented.

30. Pan Afro (1972-10-19) Discipline 27-II

Once again, I can do no better than to quote Rodger Coleman on this brilliant solo: "John Gilmore delivers a sure-footed and soulful solo with the kind of deeply penetrating tone that rivals Coltrane at his most intensely spiritual." The tune, with its loosely shifting grooves and killer melody, is a perfect vehicle for Gilmore's statement.

31. Of Mythic Worlds (1972 or 1973) Of Mythic Worlds

Gilmore is featured over an attractive percussion/organ setting reminiscent of "Song No. 1." He investigates lines of query, stating and reworking those lines, often very fast, while slowly but surely working his way up to the high register before reworking the same fast lines down low. After a short organ solo, he then returns with a vengeance and cranks it up several notches.

32. Thoughts Under a Dark Blue Light (1973) Cymbals

Backed by slinky organ, this funky groove is the perfect setting for Gilmore, and he more than rises to the occasion with a blistering solo. It starts off almost ominously, developing into a string of marvelously articulated dynamic runs and soulful high-energy patterns.

33. Sunrise in the Western Sky (1973) Crystal Spears

More of an extended concerto for tenor saxophone than a single solo, this lengthy piece establishes a vaguely eastern setting (with the help of Marshall Allen's oboe lines) with an otherworldly ambiance from Ra's keyboards for Gilmore to weave in and out of, quietly soloing, often with long, plaintive tones. There's certainly nothing else like it in Ra's oeuvre. It's slow, and doesn't really develop or go anywhere. It just is... and Gilmore plays differently that he ever has before or since, focusing more on long tones, often in the lower register, rather than jagged, "jazzy" lines. It is darkly beautiful. I really like Gary Giddins' description:

John Gilmore's tenor saxophone solo may strike you as chaotic and ugly or (as I prefer) elliptically anguished, but it is unlike any other solo that comes to mind. Instead of a sustained burst of energy, it cries out in bellowing spurts interrupted by long caesuras, building not so much in intensity as in stubbornness. The rhythm section sustains an Africanate swingless tableau while Gilmore wails, disappears, return sand aches, wanders off, returns again and shrieks, rages, wags his finger, then finally leaves while the rhythm follows an imperviously cool eight-beat into infinity or at least until cymbal crashes bring it to ground. (Gary Giddins, "Saturnal Sorcery (Sun Ra)," in Weather Bird, 2004, p. 281)

34. Ombre Monde #2 [The Shadow World] (1973-10) Live in Paris at the "Gibus"

Gilmore comes in early on this (edited) version, high-register at first and without accompaniment but quickly moving on to alternating between low gutbucket tones and super-high stratospheric ones (favoring the latter) in a fierce duet with Ra on organ.

35. Song No. 1 (1974-08-17) The Antique Blacks

The setting for this piece (the only time it was ever performed, at least according to Earthly Recordings) is an attractively loping percussive groove and a Rocksichord theme. Gilmore leads in right away as some of the theme is stated, his powerful tones propelling the piece along as he quickly accelerates his lines and hits the high notes in piercing runs.

36. The Shadow World (1974-09-08) Jazz Showcase, Chicago

This is a short barn-burner version, with a brisk head and a really brief trumpet bit before Gilmore takes over with a sonic assault. The band drops out as he explores the spaceways, joined soon by an onslaught of percussion. The percussion drops out, and Gilmore keeps going. Devastating! Again, Rodger Coleman puts it much better than I do:

Then Gilmore takes over and—well, yes, it’s another a cappella blowout, but a particularly inspired one. Ra attempts to steer him back to the head, but Gilmore will have nothing of it. He continues to blow his brains out, ranging across the entire register of the horn (and beyond), capping it off with an astonishing display of multiphonic pyrotechnics. Wow! Gilmore is on fire! This elicits several outbursts of whooping and hollering and stunned applause when he finally finishes.

37. Images (1976-08-25) Châteauvallon, France

A fast rip-roaring powerhouse solo, typical for Gilmore, transcendental and mind-blowing for us! "Images" always featured Gilmore, and, like "The Shadow World," there are multiple versions to choose from for favorites. This is the earliest one on this list, and it comes from one of those shows (one of many, actually, but still) where Gilmore was on fire and could do no wrong. (As you can see, there are four solos on this list from this date!). Sun Ra knew it, and features him on solo after solo. Seriously, this entire performance is owned by Gilmore.

38. Velvet (1976-08-25) Châteauvallon, France

Gilmore's solo here is a great example of how he could jump start a solo with a swinging statement of a phrase, building on it in turn with variations and elaborations. This one unfolds in a killer display of speed and control. Massively brilliant!

39. Angels and Demons at Play (1976-08-25) Châteauvallon, France

After a blistering alto sax solo from Marshall Allen and a percussion interlude, Gilmore ups the ante with a full-on high-register solo of aggressive, punctuated energy, seeing Allen his own intense high-octane octave jumps and raising him miles high. Into the stratosphere!

40. Opus Springtime (1976-08-25) Châteauvallon, France

This is the first appearance of this appealing composition, featuring a lead line by Gilmore and a solo that develops directly from it. It bears repeating: this was a special show for Gilmore. He is just amazing in piece after piece--with no exceptions. Here, he starts off in high gear and doesn't let up for the duration.

41. The Shadow World (1977-11) The Soul Vibrations of Man

While it was fairly difficult to single out favorite Gilmore solos from all the versions of "The Shadow World," this one was a no-brainer. Gilmore's on high alert from the get-go. His supersonic playing most closely approximates Ra's sonic industrial vacuum cleaner synth sound here, with its overtones and controlled high-register squeaks and low-register undertones. He really rips into it, tearing open the space/time fabric.

42. Embraceable You (1977) WKCR marathon

Gilmore's classic take on classic standard is alive with the soulful Chicago air. He nails it in a damn-near perfect rendition. What a golden tone! What fluid ideas, what phrasing.... whew.

43. Images (1978-03) Live at the Horseshoe Tavern, Toronto 1978

Along with the 1976 Châteauvallon version, this is among the greatest Gilmore solos for this Gilmore vehicle. Two words come to mind for this one in particular: strength and purity.

44. Liza (1978) Untitled Recordings

This old Benny Goodman chestnut is given an ingenious rereading as Ra works with the band in rehearsal on his own arrangement, coming up with several clever backing statements for the horns. At one point early on he calls on Gilmore to solo, and Gilmore delivers, with a supercharged flurry of notes, some of the fastest playing of his I've heard. This must have been killer in concert with the whole band; unfortunately, Earthly Recordings doesn't list any other versions captured on tape.

45. Tone Poem #9 (1978) Untitled Recordings

Another gem from the same long rehearsal tape as "Liza," this piece is reminiscent of some of the "Discipline" compositions. Long, languid chords are played by the horns, with a plaintive melody that perfectly fits the mood of this beautiful piece evolving from those chords, voiced by Ra, who coaches the trumpet in the melody before calling out "solo, John." John responds all right, with an absolutely gorgeous solo that perfectly fits the mood of this beautiful piece. To the best of my knowledge, this is the only recording of it. As a side note, Tone Poem #9 is the quintessential example of the multiple stories we've heard about countless unheard Ra compositions, rehearsed but never otherwise performed. As Gilmore said in an interview with Art Sato:

Sun Ra's got so many arrangements he hasn't let them all be heard yet. The book is so vast that it's unimaginable the number of tunes we've got. Not even counting originals, we've got so many standards too. Some of the most beautiful music that's ever been written will never be heard anywhere but at a rehearsal. (Be-Bop and Beyond, March/April 1986)

46. Along the Tiber (1978-01-08/13) Other Voices, Other Blues

Gilmore's playing throughout the 1978 Italy stint, which includes two studio albums on Horo and several classic concerts (especially the one captured on Disco 3000), is consistently top-notch, but even among all those gems this solo stands out. It's a peppy post-bop swinger, and Gilmore comes in blazing with one of his characteristically Chicago-windblown angular but swinging melodic lines, which he then proceeds to tease and triangulate all too briefly before it's over.

You may wonder why there aren't more solos in this list from the Horo albums (Other Voices, Other Blues and New Steps). While Gilmore's playing is brilliant, there just aren't as many distinguishable "solos" as much as there are head/narrative threads that permeate each piece. Often, Gilmore stops just as he's getting going, with Michael Ray taking over. He makes strong, cohesive statements, but the whole is greater than the parts--and it's the parts I'm interested in here. I'm listing standout standalone solos, and on the Horos, Gilmore is playing more of an ensemble role. (Also worth noting is that the two Horo studio albums are among the best-recorded of Gilmore's playing ever.)

47. Third Planet (1978-01-23) Disco 3000

A relatively rarely-played composition, "Third Planet" was revived by Ra for his 1978 Italian quartet tour. Gilmore's golden solo in this is particularly solid and beautiful. His burnished tone elaborates and decorates the melody as he runs the changes, sticking mainly to the lower register and swinging like crazy. This is a prime example of Gilmore's mastery of phrasing.

48. Twigs at Twilight [Images] (1978-01) Media Dreams

This Gilmore feature is actually an excerpt from a version of "Images" played live on the Italian tour. The fact that Ra chose to edit it out of that longer context to highlight Gilmore's playing (as well as Ra's own piano solo afterwards) demonstrated that Ra knew a great Gilmore solo when he heard one. Ra often soloed immediately after Gilmore, as if he were directly inspired--well, aren't we all? Without the surrounding melody, the piece becomes a straight-ahead driving chunk of pure jazz blowing.

49. The Shadow World (1978-01) Media Dreams

A very short version (only 2:48!), this is basically a vehicle for Gilmore to wail over, in 7/8 time, and wail he does! Intense high energy all the way---then it's over. Obviously an incomplete take. How's that for a trenchant description?

50. West End Side of Magic City (1979-09-13) Omniverse

This is an especially appealing post-bop swing tune fueled by Ra's piano. It's a shame they didn't play this one more; its chorded framework provides a wonderful setting for Gilmore to build on with a short roaring exploration in swinging mainstream mode.

51. Unknown title (1979-11-24) Soundscape, NYC

This solemn piece starts out quietly, with vibes and moody piano and a suitably serious baritone sax solo (probably by Kenny Williams). Then, about four minutes in, in a solar burst of energy after some cosmic chords from the Arkestra, Gilmore breaks into an unaccompanied bright, blistering high-register solo reminiscent of  his "Shadow World" solo on Soul Vibrations of Man. Few other saxophonists of the "free jazz" era (or anytime else, really) play with such sustained dynamic intensity, high energy, and solar purpose.

52. Silhouettes of the Shadow World (1980-02-24) Sunrise in Different Dimensions

This Montreux set was with a stripped-down Arkestra, and on this version of this classic piece the head doesn't show up until the very end, after a typically kick-ass Gilmore solo. He comes in soaring in the upper octaves and builds from there for a sustained altissimo foray into the upper atmosphere.

53. Approach of the Eternal Tomorrow (1980-09-17) The Voice of Eternal Tomorrow

Unlike a lot of solos where he starts low, jazzy, melodic, building melodic fragments, then building up to the high-intensity high-energy stratosphere we know and love (as he does in "Dancing Shadows"), here Gilmore accelerates from the get-go and nails you to the wall with red-hot fire.

54. What's New? (1982-06-24) Mannheim, Germany

After a sprightly Ra piano solo, the big band swings in blaring, it's a great groove, and after more piano, a feisty trumpet solo, and a piano set-up, Gilmore takes over, punchy and aggressive, cutting across the rhythm with his own jagged sensibility while maintaining the swing.

55. Opus Springtime (1982-07-29) Manchester, England

In this upbeat version, Gilmore's solo builds on and expands the melodic line with fast embellishments, sheets of sound, and high-register intensity, swinging and taking it out as only he can, building up to a restatement of the head with a piercing high-note end.

56. Lights on a Satellite (1983-11-01) Milan, Zürich, West Berlin, Paris

This classic composition was often a showcase for Gilmore, and he usually took the lead melody as well, as he does here. His solo is a powerful embellishment of that melody, dissecting the rhythm in exciting ways.

57. What's New? (1983-11-01) Milan, Zürich, West Berlin, Paris

Gilmore always did a bang-up job on this standard. He's rollicking and rolling here, playfully embroidering the changes with inventive rhythmic embellishments--short and sweet.

58. I'll Never Be the Same (1984-10-11) Berkeley, CA

Here's another chestnut that's typical of the jump-style arrangements Ra gave to many standards later in his career, most of which featured Gilmore. Although Ra would often hold off on his solos until after Gilmore's on jazz songs like this, here he goes first. Ra establishes the mood with a powerfully swinging short solo, followed immediately by Gilmore. Sticking to the changes with fast swinging runs, Gilmore swings mightily.

59. Sophisticated Lady (1984-10-28) Washington DC

...and another fine demonstration of Gilmore's nailing a jazz classic, this time of course the Ellington standard. Ra's arrangement speeds up the tempo (he did much the same with "Body and Soul"), making it a fine fast-swinging framework for Gilmore's solidly golden tone and seemingly endless repertoire of swinging phrasing and fast runs as he soars through several choruses.

60.  Beautiful Love (1987-01-22) Philadelphia

A wonderful song with lyrics, sung by Ra, speaking of a longing for love unfulfilled. Gilmore's solo perfectly embodies that longing with his languid use of long tones and melancholy phrasing, while at the same time transcending that longing with the spirit of love fulfilled in space.

61. Sometimes I'm Happy (1988-09-30) Cambridge MA

Gilmore kills it on this fine version of a Ra favorite. An absolutely gorgeous statement.

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So, there you have it! I hope you've enjoyed this journey into the cosmic world of John Gilmore's tenor saxophone playing. I also hope you've felt inspired to seek out this music and come up with your own list of favorites (and I hope you'll share them with me!).

As I said at the beginning, nothing tops "Dancing Shadows" in Gilmore's oeuvre. The rest of my list is chronological. However, for the end, I'll leave you with my list of tip-top favorites--the best of the best (again, in chronological order, except for the first):

Best of the Best: John Gilmore's 12 Greatest Solos:

1. Dancing Shadows (1966-05-18) Nothing Is...
2. Search Light Blues (1961-11 or -12) Bad and Beautiful
3. Kosmos in Blue (1961-11 or -12) Art Forms of Dimensions Tomorrow
4. Dark Clouds with Silver Linings (1962) Out There a Minute
5. Space Aura (1966-05) Space Aura
6. Pleasant Twilight (1970-07) Live At The Red Garter
7. Another Shade of Blue (1971-08-17) Universe in Blue
8. Intergalactic Universe (1971-08-17) Slug's, NYC
9. Thoughts Under a Dark Blue Light (1973) Cymbals
10. The Perfect Man (1969-11-12) The Singles
11. Liza (1978) Untitled Recordings
12. Twigs at Twilight [Images] (1978-01) Media Dreams